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<title>An Index to Creationist Claims</title>
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<h1 class="plus2">Index to Creationist Claims</h1>
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<br /><a href="index.html">Introduction</a>
<h2><a name="CA">CA</a>: Philosophy and Theology
</h2><ul><li><a name="CA000">CA000</a>: Ethics
<ul><li>CA001. <a href="CA/CA001.html">Evolution is the foundation of an immoral worldview.</a>
<ul><li>CA001.1. <a href="CA/CA001_1.html">Crime rates etc. have increased since evolution began to be taught.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA002. <a href="CA/CA002.html">Survival of the fittest implies might makes right.</a>
<ul><li>CA002.1. <a href="CA/CA002_1.html">Evolution leads to social Darwinism.</a>
</li><li>CA002.2. <a href="CA/CA002_2.html">Marx admired and corresponded with Darwin.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA005. <a href="CA/CA005.html">Evolution is racist.</a>
<ul><li>CA005.1. <a href="CA/CA005_1.html">Darwin himself was racist.</a>
</li><li>CA005.2. <a href="CA/CA005_2.html">Darwin's work refers to "preservation of favoured races".</a>
</li><li>CA005.3. <a href="CA/CA005_3.html">T. H. Huxley was racist.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA006. <a href="CA/CA006.html">Evolution encourages eugenics.</a>
<ul><li>CA006.1. <a href="CA/CA006_1.html">Hitler based his views on Darwinism.</a>
</li><li>CA006.2. <a href="CA/CA006_2.html">Stalin's policies were influenced by Darwin.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA008. <a href="CA/CA008.html">Evolution encourages promiscuity and lust.</a>
</li><li>CA009. <a href="CA/CA009.html">Evolution teaches that we are animals and to behave as such.</a>
</li><li>CA010. <a href="CA/CA010.html">Homosexuality receives approval from evolutionists.</a>
</li><li>CA012. <a href="CA/CA012.html">Evolutionists are intellectual snobs.</a>
</li><li>CA040. <a href="CA/CA040.html">Fairness demands evolution and creation be given equal time.</a>
</li><li>CA041. <a href="CA/CA041.html">Teach the controversy.</a>
<ul><li>CA041.1. <a href="CA/CA041_1.html">Federal law (Santorum Amendment) supports teaching alternatives.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA042. <a href="CA/CA042.html">Biology can reasonably be taught without evolution.</a>
</li><li>CA045. <a href="CA/CA045.html"><i>Inherit the Wind</i> is false propaganda.</a>
</li><li>  (see also CH010: Creationism is good.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CA100-CA499">CA100-CA499</a>: Epistemology
<ul><li><a name="CA100">CA100</a>: Foundation of Knowledge
<ul><li>CA100. <a href="CA/CA100.html">Argument from incredulity</a>
<ul><li>CA100.1. <a href="CA/CA100_1.html">Evolution leaves lots of things unexplained.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CA110">CA110</a>: Argument from Authority
<ul><li>CA110. <a href="CA/CA110.html">Evolution will soon be widely rejected.</a>
</li><li>CA111. <a href="CA/CA111.html">Many current scientists reject evolution.</a>
<ul><li>CA111.1. <a href="CA/CA111_1.html">Over 300 scientists express skepticism of Darwinism.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA112. <a href="CA/CA112.html">Many scientists find problems with evolution.</a>
</li><li>CA113. <a href="CA/CA113.html">Quote mining</a>
<ul><li>CA113.1. <a href="CA/CA113_1.html">Darwin on evolution of the eye.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA114. <a href="CA/CA114.html">Many famous scientists were creationists.</a>
<ul><li>CA114.1. <a href="CA/CA114_1.html">Lord Kelvin was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA114.2. <a href="CA/CA114_2.html">Linnaeus was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA114.4. <a href="CA/CA114_4.html">Babbage was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA114.10. <a href="CA/CA114_10.html">Fabre was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA114.22. <a href="CA/CA114_22.html">Louis Pasteur was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA114.28. <a href="CA/CA114_28.html">Steno was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA115.1. <a href="CA/CA115_1.html">Design arguments converted atheist Antony Flew to theism.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA118. <a href="CA/CA118.html">Your arguments do not count because you are not qualified.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA120. <a href="CA/CA120.html">An evolved mind is fallible, its conclusions untrustworthy.</a>
</li><li><a name="CA130">CA130</a>: Ad hominem
<ul><li>CA131. <a href="CA/CA131.html">Darwin suffered from psychoneurosis.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CA200">CA200</a>: Theory of Science
<ul><li>CA201. <a href="CA/CA201.html">Evolution is only a theory.</a>
</li><li>CA202. <a href="CA/CA202.html">Evolution has not been proved.</a>
</li><li>CA210. <a href="CA/CA210.html">Evolution does not make predictions.</a>
</li><li>CA211. <a href="CA/CA211.html">Evolution can not be falsified.</a>
<ul><li>CA211.1. <a href="CA/CA211_1.html">Karl Popper said Darwinism is not testable.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA212. <a href="CA/CA212.html">Evolution is ambiguously defined.</a>
</li><li>CA215. <a href="CA/CA215.html">Evolution is a useless theory.</a>
</li><li>CA220. <a href="CA/CA220.html">Evolution can not be replicated.</a>
</li><li>CA221. <a href="CA/CA221.html">Were you there?</a>
</li><li>CA230. <a href="CA/CA230.html">Interpreting evidence is not the same as observation.</a>
<ul><li>CA230.1. <a href="CA/CA230_1.html">Evolutionists interpret evidence on the basis of their preconceptions.</a>
<ul><li>     (see also CI402: Evolutionists refuse to see design.)
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>CA240. <a href="CA/CA240.html">Ockham's Razor says the simplest explanation (creation) is preferred.</a>
</li><li>CA250. <a href="CA/CA250.html">Scientific findings are always changing.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CA300-CA499">CA300-CA499</a>: Scientific Method
<ul><li>CA301. <a href="CA/CA301.html">Science is naturalistic. (see also CA601: Methodological naturalism)</a>
<ul><li>CA301.1. <a href="CA/CA301_1.html">Naturalistic science will miss a supernatural explanation.</a>
<ul><li>     (see also CI401: Science's method rules out design.)
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>CA310. <a href="CA/CA310.html">Scientists find what they expect to find.</a>
</li><li>CA320. <a href="CA/CA320.html">Scientists are pressured not to challenge established dogma.</a>
<ul><li>CA320.1. <a href="CA/CA320_1.html">Mims was fired because he was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA320.2. <a href="CA/CA320_2.html">Damadian was denied a Nobel prize because he was a creationist.</a>
</li><li>CA320.3. <a href="CA/CA320_3.html">Darwinists had Dembski removed from his position at Baylor.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA321. <a href="CA/CA321.html">Scientists are motivated to support naturalism and reject creationism.</a>
<ul><li>CA321.1. <a href="CA/CA321_1.html">Scientists' conclusions are motivated by money.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA325. <a href="CA/CA325.html">Creationists are prevented from publishing in science journals.</a>
</li><li>CA340. <a href="CA/CA340.html">Evolutionists do not accept debate challenges.</a>
<ul><li>CA341. <a href="CA/CA341.html">Evolutionists have not met Hovind's challenge to prove evolution.</a>
</li><li>CA342. <a href="CA/CA342.html">Evolutionists do not accept Walt Brown's debate challenge.</a>
</li><li>CA343. <a href="CA/CA343.html">Evolutionists refuse Mastropaolo's "Life Science Prize" challenge.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA350. <a href="CA/CA350.html">No gradual biochemical evolution models have been published.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA500. <a href="CA/CA500.html">"Survival of the fittest" is a tautology.</a>
</li><li>CA510. <a href="CA/CA510.html">Creationism and evolution are the only 2 models.</a>
<ul><li>CA510.1. <a href="CA/CA510_1.html">Problems with evolution are evidence for creation.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA520. <a href="CA/CA520.html"><i>The Origin of Species</i> does not address speciation.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CA600">CA600</a>: Theology
<ul><li>  (see also CH: Biblical Creationism)
</li><li>CA601. <a href="CA/CA601.html">Evolution requires naturalism.</a>
<ul><li>CA601.1. <a href="CA/CA601_1.html">Evolution's materialism or naturalism denies a role for God.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CA301: Science is naturalistic.)
</li><li>   (see also CI401: Science's method rules out design.)
</li></ul></li><li>CA602. <a href="CA/CA602.html">Evolution is atheistic.</a>
<ul><li>CA602.1. <a href="CA/CA602_1.html">Darwin made it easy to become an intellectually fulfilled atheist.</a>
</li><li>CA602.2. <a href="CA/CA602_2.html">Scientists aim to make God unnecessary.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA603. <a href="CA/CA603.html">Naturalistic evolution rules out all but a Deist god.</a>
</li><li>CA610. <a href="CA/CA610.html">Evolution is a religion.</a>
</li><li>CA611. <a href="CA/CA611.html">Evolutionary theory has become sacrosanct.</a>
</li><li>CA612. <a href="CA/CA612.html">Evolution requires as much faith as creationism.</a>
</li><li>CA620. <a href="CA/CA620.html">If man comes from random causes, life has no purpose or meaning.</a>
</li><li>CA622. <a href="CA/CA622.html">Without a literal Fall, there is no need for Jesus and redemption.</a>
</li><li>CA630. <a href="CA/CA630.html">Animals are not moral, aesthetic, idealistic, or religious.</a>
</li><li>CA640. <a href="CA/CA640.html">Do you want to be descended from a monkey?</a>
</li><li>CA650. <a href="CA/CA650.html">Death and suffering before humanity implies an unmerciful God.</a>
<ul><li>CA651. <a href="CA/CA651.html">God would have pronounced death and suffering "very good."</a>
</li><li>CA652. <a href="CA/CA652.html">Christ's death was unjust if physical death was not the penalty for sin.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CA660. <a href="CA/CA660.html">Pope's statement about evolution was mistranslated.</a>
</li><li>CA662. <a href="CA/CA662.html">It is not true that the church used to teach a flat earth.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CB">CB</a>: Biology
</h2><ul><li><a name="CB0">CB0</a>: Abiogenesis
<ul><li>CB000. <a href="CB/CB000.html">Pasteur proved life only comes from life (law of biogenesis).</a>
</li><li>CB010. <a href="CB/CB010.html">The odds of life forming are incredibly small.</a>
<ul><li>CB010.1. <a href="CB/CB010_1.html">Even the simplest life is incredibly complex.</a>
</li><li>CB010.2. <a href="CB/CB010_2.html">First cells could not come together by chance.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB015. <a href="CB/CB015.html">DNA needs proteins to form; proteins need DNA.</a>
</li><li>CB020. <a href="CB/CB020.html">Why is new life not still being generated today?</a>
</li><li>CB025. <a href="CB/CB025.html">Not all amino acids needed for life have been formed experimentally.</a>
</li><li>CB026. <a href="CB/CB026.html">Abiogenesis experiments produce toxins, such as cyanide and formaldehyde.</a>
</li><li>CB030. <a href="CB/CB030.html">Early molecules would have decayed.</a>
<ul><li>CB030.1. <a href="CB/CB030_1.html">Early molecules would have been destroyed by ultraviolet light.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB035. <a href="CB/CB035.html">Miller's experiments had an invalid assumption of the type of atmosphere.</a>
<ul><li>CB035.1. <a href="CB/CB035_1.html">Earth's early atmosphere had abundant oxygen.</a>
</li><li>CB035.2. <a href="CB/CB035_2.html">Earth's early atmosphere had no reducing gases.</a>
</li><li>CB035.3. <a href="CB/CB035_3.html">Amino acids are not generated from just CO2, nitrogen, and water.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB040. <a href="CB/CB040.html">Life uses only left-handed amino acids.</a>
</li><li>CB050. <a href="CB/CB050.html">Abiogenesis is speculative without evidence.</a>
</li><li>CB090. <a href="CB/CB090.html">Evolution is baseless without a theory of abiogenesis.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB100">CB100</a>: Genetics
<ul><li>CB100. <a href="CB/CB100.html">Mutations are rare.</a>
</li><li>CB101. <a href="CB/CB101.html">Most mutations are harmful.</a>
<ul><li>CB101.1. <a href="CB/CB101_1.html">Mutations are accidents; things do not get built by accident.</a>
</li><li>CB101.2. <a href="CB/CB101_2.html">Mutations do not produce new features.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB102. <a href="CB/CB102.html">Mutations do not add information.</a>
<ul><li>CB102.1. <a href="CB/CB102_1.html">Dawkins could not give an example of increasing information.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB110. <a href="CB/CB110.html">Microevolution selects only existing variation.</a>
</li><li>CB120. <a href="CB/CB120.html">Genetic load from mutations would make populations unviable.</a>
</li><li>CB121. <a href="CB/CB121.html">The cost of natural selection is prohibitive (Haldane's dilemma).</a>
</li><li>CB130. <a href="CB/CB130.html">"Junk" DNA is not really junk.</a>
</li><li>CB141. <a href="CB/CB141.html">Chromosome counts differ greatly and unsystematically between species.</a>
</li><li>CB144. <a href="CB/CB144.html">Human and chimp genomes differ by more than one percent.</a>
</li><li>CB150. <a href="CB/CB150.html">Functional genetic sequences are too rare to evolve from one to another.</a>
</li><li>CB180. <a href="CB/CB180.html">The genetic code is a language.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB200">CB200</a>: Molecular Biology
<ul><li>CB200. <a href="CB/CB200.html">Some systems are irreducibly complex.</a>
<ul><li>CB200.1. <a href="CB/CB200_1.html">Bacterial flagella are irreducibly complex.</a>
<ul><li>CB200.1.1. <a href="CB/CB200_1_1.html">The flagellum has 30 or so unique (non-homologous) proteins.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB200.2. <a href="CB/CB200_2.html">Blood clotting is irreducibly complex.</a>
</li><li>CB200.3. <a href="CB/CB200_3.html">Protein transport within a cell is irreducibly complex.</a>
</li><li>CB200.4. <a href="CB/CB200_4.html">The immune system is irreducibly complex.</a>
</li><li>CB200.5. <a href="CB/CB200_5.html">The metabolic pathway for AMP synthesis is too complex to have evolved.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB211. <a href="CB/CB211.html">An antigen receptor protein structure is same in camels and sharks.</a>
</li><li>  (see also CA350: No gradualistic biochemical models published.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB300">CB300</a>: Physiology and Anatomy
<ul><li>CB300. <a href="CB/CB300.html">Complex organs couldn't have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>CB301. <a href="CB/CB301.html">The eye is too complex to have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>    (see also CB921.1: What use is half an eye?)
</li></ul></li><li>CB302. <a href="CB/CB302.html">The ear is too complex to have evolved.</a>
</li><li>CB303. <a href="CB/CB303.html">The brain is too complex to have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>    (see also CB400: Behavior and Cognition)
</li></ul></li><li>CB310. <a href="CB/CB310.html">The bombardier beetle is too complex to have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>CB310.1. <a href="CB/CB310_1.html">Bombardier beetle chemicals would explode if mixed without an inhibitor.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB311. <a href="CB/CB311.html">Butterfly metamorphosis is too complex to have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>CB311.1. <a href="CB/CB311_1.html">Evolution can't explain butterfly evolving from caterpillar.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB325. <a href="CB/CB325.html">The giraffe neck could not evolve without a special circulatory system.</a>
</li><li>CB326. <a href="CB/CB326.html">The woodpecker tongue could not have evolved.</a>
</li><li>CB340. <a href="CB/CB340.html">Organs and organ systems would have been useless until all parts were in
 place.</a>
</li><li>CB341. <a href="CB/CB341.html">Snake venom and hollow fangs could not have evolved simultaneously.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB350. <a href="CB/CB350.html">Sex cannot have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CB610: no mate for 1st of a species.)
</li></ul></li><li>CB360. <a href="CB/CB360.html">Vestigial organs may have functions.</a>
<ul><li>CB360.1. <a href="CB/CB360_1.html">The human appendix is functional, not vestigial.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CB130: Junk DNA not really junk.)
</li></ul></li><li>CB361. <a href="CB/CB361.html">Vestigial organs are just evidence of decay, not evolution.</a>
<ul><li>CB361.1. <a href="CB/CB361_1.html">Presently useless vestigial organs once had function.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB365. <a href="CB/CB365.html">Spinal treatments based on evolutionary theory fail.</a>
</li><li>CB370. <a href="CB/CB370.html">Endorphins at death indicate a beneficent creator, not evolution.</a>
</li><li>CB381. <a href="CB/CB381.html">Men have fewer ribs than women.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB400">CB400</a>: Behavior and Cognition
<ul><li>CB400. <a href="CB/CB400.html">Evolution cannot explain consciousness.</a>
<ul><li>CB400.1. <a href="CB/CB400_1.html">Evolution does not explain human intelligence.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB401. <a href="CB/CB401.html">Instincts are too complex to have evolved.</a>
</li><li>CB402. <a href="CB/CB402.html">Evolution does not explain language ability.</a>
</li><li>CB403. <a href="CB/CB403.html">Evolution does not explain homosexuality.</a>
</li><li>CB411. <a href="CB/CB411.html">Evolution does not explain morals, especially altruism.</a>
</li><li>CB420. <a href="CB/CB420.html">Evolution does not explain art.</a>
</li><li>CB421. <a href="CB/CB421.html">Evolution does not explain music.</a>
</li><li>CB430. <a href="CB/CB430.html">Evolution does not explain personality and emotions.</a>
</li><li>CB440. <a href="CB/CB440.html">Evolution does not explain religion.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB500">CB500</a>: Botany
<ul><li>CB501. <a href="CB/CB501.html">Dendrochronology is suspect because two or more rings can grow per year.</a>
</li><li>CB510. <a href="CB/CB510.html">Evolution cannot explain photosynthesis.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB600">CB600</a>: Ecology and Population Biology
<ul><li>CB601. <a href="CB/CB601.html">The traditional peppered moth story is no longer supportable.</a>
<ul><li>CB601.1. <a href="CB/CB601_1.html">Peppered moths do not rest on tree trunks, and pictures of them there were
 faked.</a>
</li><li>CB601.2. <a href="CB/CB601_2.html">Peppered moths occur in uncamouflaged colors in many areas.</a>
<ul><li>CB601.2.1. <a href="CB/CB601_2_1.html">Dark moths never completely replaced light ones in Manchester.</a>
</li><li>CB601.2.2. <a href="CB/CB601_2_2.html">In several areas dark moths were more common than expected.</a>
</li><li>CB601.2.3. <a href="CB/CB601_2_3.html">Dark moths increased in s. Britain after pollution control began.</a>
</li><li>CB601.2.4. <a href="CB/CB601_2_4.html">In places, light moths increased before lichens reappeared.</a>
</li><li>CB601.2.5. <a href="CB/CB601_2_5.html">Light moths increased before trees got lighter.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB601.3. <a href="CB/CB601_3.html">Direct mutagenesis better explains peppered moth variation.</a>
</li><li>CB601.4. <a href="CB/CB601_4.html">An increased recapture rate suggests fraud in Kettlewell's data.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CB910.2: Peppered moths remain same species.)
</li></ul></li><li>CB610. <a href="CB/CB610.html">The first individual of a new species would not find a mate.</a>
</li><li>CB620. <a href="CB/CB620.html">Human population growth indicates a young earth.</a>
</li><li>CB621. <a href="CB/CB621.html">Humanity was traced back to an African Eve.</a>
<ul><li>CB621.1. <a href="CB/CB621_1.html">Mitochondrial Eve lived only 6500 years ago.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB630. <a href="CB/CB630.html">Mutually dependent species could not have evolved.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB700">CB700</a>: Developmental Biology
<ul><li>CB701. <a href="CB/CB701.html">Haeckel falsified his embryo pictures.</a>
<ul><li>CB701.1. <a href="CB/CB701_1.html">Recapitulation theory is not supported.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB704. <a href="CB/CB704.html">Human embryos do not have gill slits.</a>
</li><li>CB710. <a href="CB/CB710.html">Genes with major effects on development are conserved across phyla.</a>
</li><li>CB731. <a href="CB/CB731.html">Finger development disproves birds descended from dinosaurs.</a>
</li><li>CB732. <a href="CB/CB732.html">Finger development differs greatly between human and frog.</a>
</li><li>CB751. <a href="CB/CB751.html">Bilateral symmetry is improbable under evolution.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB800">CB800</a>: Systematics
<ul><li>CB801. <a href="CB/CB801.html">Science cannot define "species."</a>
</li><li>CB805. <a href="CB/CB805.html">Evolution predicts a continuum of organisms, not discrete kinds.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CC201: smooth continuum through the fossil record.)
</li></ul></li><li>CB810. <a href="CB/CB810.html">Homology cannot be evidence of ancestry if it is defined thus.</a>
</li><li>CB811. <a href="CB/CB811.html">Homologous structures are not produced by homologous genes.</a>
</li><li>CB821. <a href="CB/CB821.html">Phylogenetic analyses are inconsistent.</a>
</li><li>CB822. <a href="CB/CB822.html">Evolution's tree-like pattern is discredited.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CB900">CB900</a>: Evolution
<ul><li>  (see also CB102: Mutations don't add information.)
</li><li>CB901. <a href="CB/CB901.html">Macroevolution has never been observed.</a>
<ul><li>CB901.1. <a href="CB/CB901_1.html">Range of variation is limited within kinds.</a>
</li><li>CB901.2. <a href="CB/CB901_2.html">No new phyla, classes, or orders have appeared.</a>
</li><li>CB901.3. <a href="CB/CB901_3.html">Darwin's finches show only microevolution.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB902. <a href="CB/CB902.html">Microevolution is distinct from macroevolution.</a>
<ul><li>CB902.1. <a href="CB/CB902_1.html">There are barriers to large change.</a>
</li><li>CB902.2. <a href="CB/CB902_2.html">Small changes do not imply large changes.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB904. <a href="CB/CB904.html">No entirely new features have evolved.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CB101.2: mutations don't produce new features.)
</li></ul></li><li>CB910. <a href="CB/CB910.html">No new species have been observed.</a>
<ul><li>CB910.1. <a href="CB/CB910_1.html">Fruit fly experiments produce only fruit flies.</a>
</li><li>CB910.2. <a href="CB/CB910_2.html">Peppered moths remained the same species.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB920. <a href="CB/CB920.html">No new body parts have evolved.</a>
</li><li>CB921. <a href="CB/CB921.html">New structures would be useless until fully developed.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CB300: complex organs can't evolve.)
</li><li>CB921.1. <a href="CB/CB921_1.html">What use is half an eye?</a>
</li><li>CB921.2. <a href="CB/CB921_2.html">What use is half a wing?</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB922. <a href="CB/CB922.html">No two-celled life exists intermediate between one- and multicelled.</a>
</li><li>CB925. <a href="CB/CB925.html">We do not see creatures in various stages of completion.</a>
</li><li>CB926. <a href="CB/CB926.html">Preadaptation implies that organs evolved before they were needed.</a>
</li><li>CB928. <a href="CB/CB928.html">Why are beneficial traits not evolved more often?</a>
<ul><li>CB928.1. <a href="CB/CB928_1.html">If intelligence is adaptive, other apes should have evolved it.</a>
</li><li>CB928.2. <a href="CB/CB928_2.html">Humans have stopped evolving.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB929. <a href="CB/CB929.html">Evolution does not explain our using one tenth of our brain.</a>
</li><li>CB930. <a href="CB/CB930.html">Some fossil species are still living.</a>
<ul><li>CB930.1. <a href="CB/CB930_1.html">The coelacanth, thought extinct for ages, is still living.</a>
</li><li>CB930.2. <a href="CB/CB930_2.html">A plesiosaur was found by a Japanese trawler.</a>
</li><li>CB930.3. <a href="CB/CB930_3.html">Dinosaurs may still be alive in the Congo.</a>
</li><li>CB930.4. <a href="CB/CB930_4.html">A pterodactyl was found alive in Jurassic limestone.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB932. <a href="CB/CB932.html">Some modern species are apparently degenerate, not higher forms.</a>
</li><li>CB940. <a href="CB/CB940.html">Pure chance cannot create new structures.</a>
<ul><li>CB940.1. <a href="CB/CB940_1.html">Odds of many successive beneficial mutations are minuscule.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CB941. <a href="CB/CB941.html">How do things know how to evolve?</a>
</li><li>CB950. <a href="CB/CB950.html">Overspecialization with no adaptive value sometimes occurs.</a>
</li><li>CB951. <a href="CB/CB951.html">Long-term trends (orthogenesis) do not fit evolutionary theory.</a>
</li><li>CB952. <a href="CB/CB952.html">The evolution of specialized diets would not be adaptive.</a>
</li><li>CB990. <a href="CB/CB990.html">Proposed evolution scenarios are just-so stories.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CC">CC</a>: Paleontology
</h2><ul><li><a name="CC0">CC0</a>: Physical Anthropology
<ul><li><a name="CC000-CC049">CC000-CC049</a>: Questionable fossils
<ul><li><a name="CC000">CC000</a>: Specific hominid fossils were hoaxed
<ul><li>CC001. <a href="CC/CC001.html">Piltdown man was a hoax.</a>
<ul><li>CC001.1. <a href="CC/CC001_1.html">Piltdown man was the subject of 500 doctoral dissertations.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC002. <a href="CC/CC002.html">Nebraska man was a hoax.</a>
</li><li>CC003. <a href="CC/CC003.html">Lucy's knee was found far from the rest of the skeleton.</a>
</li><li>CC004. <a href="CC/CC004.html">Ten Peking Man skeletons were suppressed.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC020">CC020</a>: Specific hominid fossils were misidentified
<ul><li>CC021. <a href="CC/CC021.html">"Orce Man" was a donkey skull.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC030. <a href="CC/CC030.html">All human fossils would fit on a billiard table.</a>
</li><li>CC040. <a href="CC/CC040.html">Anthropologists disagree.</a>
<ul><li>CC041. <a href="CC/CC041.html"><i>Homo habilis</i> is an invalid taxon.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li>CC050. <a href="CC/CC050.html">All hominid fossils are fully human or fully ape.</a>
<ul><li>CC051. <a href="CC/CC051.html">Neanderthal was based on a disfigured human.</a>
<ul><li>CC051.1. <a href="CC/CC051_1.html">Neanderthals were humans with rickets.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC052. <a href="CC/CC052.html">Laetoli footprints were human.</a>
</li><li>CC054. <a href="CC/CC054.html">KP 271 (a fossil humerus) was human.</a>
</li><li>CC061. <a href="CC/CC061.html">French scientists called Peking Man "monkey-like."</a>
</li><li>CC080. <a href="CC/CC080.html"><i>Australopithecus</i> was fully ape, closer to chimp.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC100">CC100</a>: Human fossils are out of place.
<ul><li>CC101. <a href="CC/CC101.html">Human footprints have been found with dinosaur tracks at Paluxy.</a>
</li><li>CC102. <a href="CC/CC102.html">Sandal footprints have been found associated with trilobites.</a>
</li><li>CC110. <a href="CC/CC110.html">Moab man was found in Cretaceous sandstone.</a>
</li><li>CC111. <a href="CC/CC111.html">Malachite man was found in Cretaceous sandstone.</a>
</li><li>CC112. <a href="CC/CC112.html">Castenedolo, Olmo, and Calaveras skulls were found in Pliocene strata.</a>
</li><li>CC120. <a href="CC/CC120.html">Baugh found a fossilized finger from the Cretaceous.</a>
</li><li>CC130. <a href="CC/CC130.html">A petrified hammer was found in Cretaceous rocks.</a>
</li><li>CC131. <a href="CC/CC131.html">An iron pot was found encased in Carboniferous coal.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC150">CC150</a>: Other Anthropology
<ul><li>CC150. <a href="CC/CC150.html">If we are descended from apes, why are there still apes around?</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CC200">CC200</a>: Transitional fossils
<ul><li>CC200. <a href="CC/CC200.html">Transitional fossils are lacking.</a>
<ul><li>CC200.1. <a href="CC/CC200_1.html">There should be billions of transitional fossils.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC201. <a href="CC/CC201.html">We should see smooth change through the fossil record, not gaps.</a>
<ul><li>CC201.1. <a href="CC/CC201_1.html">Punctuated equilibrium was ad hoc to justify gaps.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CB805: smooth continuum among living creatures.)
</li></ul></li><li>CC202. <a href="CC/CC202.html">Transitional fossils do not show direct ancestry.</a>
</li><li><a name="CC210">CC210</a>: Specific examples of non-transition
<ul><li>CC211. <a href="CC/CC211.html">There are gaps between invertebrates and vertebrates.</a>
</li><li>CC212. <a href="CC/CC212.html">There are gaps between fish and amphibians.</a>
</li><li>CC213. <a href="CC/CC213.html">There are gaps between amphibians and reptiles.</a>
</li><li>CC214. <a href="CC/CC214.html">There are gaps between reptiles and birds.</a>
<ul><li>CC214.1. <a href="CC/CC214_1.html"><i>Archaeopteryx</i> was probably not an ancestor of modern birds.</a>
<ul><li>CC214.1.1. <a href="CC/CC214_1_1.html"><i>Archaeopteryx</i> is fully bird</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC214.2. <a href="CC/CC214_2.html">Duck-billed dinosaur find disproves its bird ancestry.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC215. <a href="CC/CC215.html">There are gaps between reptiles and mammals.</a>
</li><li>CC216.1. <a href="CC/CC216_1.html">There are gaps between land mammals and whales.</a>
</li><li>CC216.2. <a href="CC/CC216_2.html">Horse fossils do not show evolution.</a>
</li><li>CC220. <a href="CC/CC220.html">Arthropods arose suddenly.</a>
<ul><li>CC220.1. <a href="CC/CC220_1.html">There are no fossil ancestors of insects.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC250. <a href="CC/CC250.html">There are no fossil ancestors of plants.</a>
<ul><li>CC251. <a href="CC/CC251.html">Progymnosperms are imaginary evolutionary ancestors.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CC300">CC300</a>: Fossil Record
<ul><li>CC300. <a href="CC/CC300.html">The Cambrian explosion shows all kinds of life appearing suddenly.</a>
<ul><li>CC301. <a href="CC/CC301.html">Cambrian explosion contradicts evolutionary "tree" pattern.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC310">CC310</a>: Dating of fossils
<ul><li>   (see also CD0: Geochronology)
</li><li>CC310. <a href="CC/CC310.html">Fossils are dated from strata; strata are dated from fossils.</a>
<ul><li>    (see also CD103: Geologic column assumes evolution.)
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CC330">CC330</a>: Polystrate fossils
<ul><li>CC331. <a href="CC/CC331.html">Polystrate fossils indicate massive sudden deposition.</a>
</li><li>CC332. <a href="CC/CC332.html">Yellowstone's Specimen Creek fossil forests were evidently transported.</a>
<ul><li>CC332.1. <a href="CC/CC332_1.html">Specimen Creek fossil trees grew at the same time.</a>
</li><li>CC332.2. <a href="CC/CC332_2.html">Orientations show Specimen Creek fossil trees were transported.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC335. <a href="CC/CC335.html">A fossil whale was found vertically through several strata.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC340. <a href="CC/CC340.html">Many fossils are out of place.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CC100: Human fossils out of place)
</li><li>CC341. <a href="CC/CC341.html">Recent pollen has been found in old rocks.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC350">CC350</a>: Some fossils are faked.
<ul><li>   (see also CC000: Hominid fossils faked)
</li><li>CC351. <a href="CC/CC351.html"><i>Archaeopteryx</i> is a fake.</a>
</li><li>CC352. <a href="CC/CC352.html"><i>Archaeoraptor</i> was a fake.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CC360">CC360</a>: Taphonomy
<ul><li>CC360. <a href="CC/CC360.html">No new fossils are being formed.</a>
</li><li>CC361. <a href="CC/CC361.html">Fossils can form quickly.</a>
<ul><li>CC361.1. <a href="CC/CC361_1.html">Coal and oil can form quickly.</a>
</li><li>CC361.2. <a href="CC/CC361_2.html">Mammoths that were quickly frozen have been found.</a>
</li><li>CC361.3. <a href="CC/CC361_3.html">Contorted positions of fossil animals indicate rapid burial.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC362. <a href="CC/CC362.html">Large collections of fossils indicate catastrophism.</a>
</li><li>CC363. <a href="CC/CC363.html">Fossilization requires sudden burial.</a>
</li><li>CC364. <a href="CC/CC364.html">Sea fossils have been found on mountaintops.</a>
</li><li>CC365. <a href="CC/CC365.html">Footprints in the Coconino Sandstone appear to have been made underwater.</a>
<ul><li>CC365.1. <a href="CC/CC365_1.html">Coconino Sandstone was deposited underwater.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC371. <a href="CC/CC371.html">Evidence of blood in a Tyrannosaurus bone indicates recent burial.</a>
<ul><li>CC371.1. <a href="CC/CC371_1.html">Soft tissues from a Tyrannosaurus bone indicate recent burial.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CC373. <a href="CC/CC373.html">Jurassic shells from mud springs are remarkably preserved.</a>
</li><li>CC381. <a href="CC/CC381.html">There are too few Stone-Age remains for a long history of humanity.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CC400">CC400</a>: Methodology
<ul><li>CC401. <a href="CC/CC401.html">Paleontologists reconstruct an entire animal from a single bone.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CD">CD</a>: Geology
</h2><ul><li><a name="CD0">CD0</a>: Geochronology
<ul><li>  (see also CD241: Varves can form quickly.)
</li><li><a name="CD000">CD000</a>: Radiometric dating makes false assumptions
<ul><li>CD001. <a href="CD/CD001.html">Radiometric dating falsely assumes rocks are closed systems.</a>
</li><li>CD002. <a href="CD/CD002.html">Radiometric dating falsely assumes initial conditions are known.</a>
</li><li>CD004. <a href="CD/CD004.html">Cosmic rays and free neutrinos affect U and Ar decay rates.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CF200: Radiometric dating)
</li></ul></li><li>CD010. <a href="CD/CD010.html">Radiometric dating gives unreliable results.</a>
<ul><li>CD011. <a href="CD/CD011.html">Carbon dating gives inaccurate results.</a>
<ul><li>CD011.1. <a href="CD/CD011_1.html">Variable C-14/C-12 ratio invalidates C-14 dating.</a>
</li><li>CD011.2. <a href="CD/CD011_2.html">Vollosovitch and Dima mammoths yielded inconsistent C-14 dates.</a>
</li><li>CD011.3. <a href="CD/CD011_3.html">Living snails were C-14 dated at 2,300 and 27,000 years old.</a>
</li><li>CD011.4. <a href="CD/CD011_4.html">A freshly killed seal was C-14 dated at 1,300 years old.</a>
</li><li>CD011.5. <a href="CD/CD011_5.html">Triassic wood from Australia was dated at 33,000 years old.</a>
</li><li>CD011.6. <a href="CD/CD011_6.html">Ancient coal and oil are C-14 dated as only 50,000 years old.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD012. <a href="CD/CD012.html">U-Th dating gives inaccurate results for modern volcanic rocks.</a>
</li><li>CD013. <a href="CD/CD013.html">K-Ar dating gives inaccurate results for modern volcanic rocks.</a>
<ul><li>CD013.1. <a href="CD/CD013_1.html">K-Ar dates of 1986 dacite from Mount St. Helens are very old.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD014. <a href="CD/CD014.html">Isochron dating gives unreliable results.</a>
<ul><li>CD014.1. <a href="CD/CD014_1.html">Isochron date of young Grand Canyon lava is excessively old.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD015. <a href="CD/CD015.html">Zircons retain too much helium for an old earth.</a>
</li><li>CD016. <a href="CD/CD016.html">The U-Th-Pb method, properly corrected for neutron capture, gives recent
 dates.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD020. <a href="CD/CD020.html">Consistency of radiometric dating comes from selective reporting.</a>
</li><li>CD031. <a href="CD/CD031.html">KBS Tuff shows the flaws of radiometric dating.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD100">CD100</a>: Geological Column
<ul><li>  (see also CH540: Flood effects)
</li><li>CD101. <a href="CD/CD101.html">Entire geological column does not exist.</a>
</li><li>CD102. <a href="CD/CD102.html">The geological column is sometimes out of order.</a>
<ul><li>CD102.1. <a href="CD/CD102_1.html">Out-of-order strata occur at the Lewis Overthrust.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD103. <a href="CD/CD103.html">The geologic column is based on the assumption of evolution.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CC310: Circular dating of fossils and strata.)
</li></ul></li><li>CD110. <a href="CD/CD110.html">Meteor craters are never found in deeper strata.</a>
</li><li>CD111. <a href="CD/CD111.html">Meteorites are never found in deeper strata.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD200">CD200</a>: Sedimentation
<ul><li>  (see also CH540: Flood effects)
</li><li>CD200. <a href="CD/CD200.html">Uniformitarian assumption is untenable.</a>
</li><li>CD202. <a href="CD/CD202.html">Sandstone and shale layers are too extensive for normal deposition.</a>
</li><li>CD203. <a href="CD/CD203.html">Limestone and dolomite layers are too extensive for normal deposition.</a>
</li><li>CD210. <a href="CD/CD210.html">The mouth of the Colorado River does not have enough sediment for the Grand
 Canyon.</a>
</li><li>CD211. <a href="CD/CD211.html">Mississippi delta could have formed in 5,000 years.</a>
</li><li>CD220. <a href="CD/CD220.html">There is not enough sediment in the ocean for an old earth.</a>
<ul><li>CD220.1. <a href="CD/CD220_1.html">Much more sediment is deposited than removed by subduction.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD221. <a href="CD/CD221.html">Oceans do not have enough dissolved minerals for an old earth.</a>
<ul><li>CD221.1. <a href="CD/CD221_1.html">Sodium accumulates in oceans too fast for an old earth.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD222. <a href="CD/CD222.html">Juvenile water is added to oceans too fast for an old earth.</a>
</li><li>CD230. <a href="CD/CD230.html">Natural gas escapes too fast to allow for long ages.</a>
</li><li>CD231. <a href="CD/CD231.html">High pressures in oil fields would have bled off if earth were old.</a>
</li><li>CD232. <a href="CD/CD232.html">Oil seepage would have drained offshore reservoirs in 20,000 years.</a>
</li><li>CD240. <a href="CD/CD240.html">Experiments show that strata can violate principles of superposition.</a>
</li><li>CD241. <a href="CD/CD241.html">Varves can form in less than a year.</a>
</li><li>CD250. <a href="CD/CD250.html">Stalactites can grow very rapidly.</a>
</li><li>  (see also CC365.1: Coconino sandstone deposited underwater.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD300">CD300</a>: Evaporation
<ul><li>CD301. <a href="CD/CD301.html">Evaporites could form without evaporation.</a>
</li><li>CD302. <a href="CD/CD302.html">Evaporites are too thick.</a>
</li><li>CD303. <a href="CD/CD303.html">Evaporites contain no organic matter.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD400">CD400</a>: Glaciation
<ul><li>CD410. <a href="CD/CD410.html">World War II airplanes are now beneath thousands of "annual" ice layers.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD500">CD500</a>: Mountain Building
<ul><li>CD501. <a href="CD/CD501.html">On an old earth, mountains would have eroded by now.</a>
</li><li>CD502. <a href="CD/CD502.html">Volcanic mountains are built too fast for an old earth.</a>
</li><li>CD510. <a href="CD/CD510.html">Folded rocks must have been soft when folded.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD600">CD600</a>: Erosion
<ul><li>  (see also CH540: Flood effects)
</li><li>CD610. <a href="CD/CD610.html">The erosion rate of Niagara Falls' rim indicates a young earth.</a>
</li><li>CD620. <a href="CD/CD620.html">Average soil depth is consistent with a young earth.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD700">CD700</a>: Geophysics and Plate Tectonics
<ul><li>CD701. <a href="CD/CD701.html">The earth's magnetic field is decaying, indicating a young earth.</a>
<ul><li>CD701.1. <a href="CD/CD701_1.html">Cowling's theorem disproves dynamo theory of earth's magnetic field.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD740. <a href="CD/CD740.html">The theory of plate tectonics is wrong.</a>
<ul><li>CD741. <a href="CD/CD741.html">Midocean magnetic anomalies are not reversals.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CD750. <a href="CD/CD750.html">Plate tectonics occurred catastrophically and has since slowed.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CD800">CD800</a>: Climate Change
<ul><li>CD821. <a href="CD/CD821.html">Sahara Desert is expanding.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CE">CE</a>: Astronomy and Cosmology
</h2><ul><li><a name="CE000">CE000</a>: Earth
<ul><li>CE001. <a href="CE/CE001.html">There is not enough helium in the atmosphere for an old earth.</a>
</li><li>CE010. <a href="CE/CE010.html">NASA scientists found a day missing.</a>
</li><li>CE011. <a href="CE/CE011.html">Earth's rotation is slowing, indicating a young earth.</a>
<ul><li>CE011.1. <a href="CE/CE011_1.html">The frequency of leap seconds indicates a young earth.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CE020. <a href="CE/CE020.html">An old earth would be covered by 182 feet of meteoric dust.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CE100">CE100</a>: Moon
<ul><li>CE101. <a href="CE/CE101.html">There is not enough moon dust for an old universe.</a>
</li><li>CE110. <a href="CE/CE110.html">The moon is receding at a rate too fast for an old universe.</a>
</li><li>CE130. <a href="CE/CE130.html">Lunar moonquakes, lava flows, and gas emissions indicates the moon's youth.</a>
</li><li>  (see also CF220: Short-lived U-326, Th-230 found on moon.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CE200">CE200</a>: Planets and Solar System
<ul><li>CE210. <a href="CE/CE210.html">Venus's high temperature and atmosphere should have eroded its surface
 features.</a>
</li><li>CE230. <a href="CE/CE230.html">Io's great volcanic activity indicates a young age.</a>
</li><li>CE231. <a href="CE/CE231.html">Jupiter and Saturn are cooling too rapidly to be old.</a>
</li><li>CE240. <a href="CE/CE240.html">Saturn's rings are unstable.</a>
</li><li>CE260. <a href="CE/CE260.html">Three planets and several moons revolve backwards.</a>
<ul><li>CE260.1. <a href="CE/CE260_1.html">Retrograde motion of planets disproves the big bang.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CE261. <a href="CE/CE261.html">Comets would not have lasted in an old universe.</a>
<ul><li>CE261.1. <a href="CE/CE261_1.html">Oort cloud and Kuiper belt are ad hoc fantasies of astronomers.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CE280. <a href="CE/CE280.html">Solar wind should have cleared the inner solar system of microparticles.</a>
</li><li>CE281. <a href="CE/CE281.html">The Poynting-Robertson effect would remove space dust in an old solar
 system.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CE300">CE300</a>: Sun and Stars
<ul><li>CE301. <a href="CE/CE301.html">The lack of solar neutrinos indicates that the stellar model is wrong.</a>
</li><li>CE302. <a href="CE/CE302.html">The sun has most of the mass but little angular momentum of the solar
 system.</a>
</li><li>CE310. <a href="CE/CE310.html">A shrinking sun indicates a young sun.</a>
<ul><li>CE310.1. <a href="CE/CE310_1.html">Helmholtz's contraction theory says the sun is young.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CE311. <a href="CE/CE311.html">The faint young sun paradox contradicts an old earth.</a>
</li><li>CE351. <a href="CE/CE351.html">Sirius was a red star 2,000 years ago and is a white dwarf now.</a>
</li><li>CE380. <a href="CE/CE380.html">Galaxies should lose their spiral shape over millions of years.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CE400">CE400</a>: Cosmology
<ul><li>  (see also CI300: Anthropic principle)
</li><li>CE401. <a href="CE/CE401.html">There are too few supernova remnants for an old universe.</a>
</li><li>CE410. <a href="CE/CE410.html">Physical constants are only assumed constant.</a>
<ul><li>CE411. <a href="CE/CE411.html">The speed of light has changed.</a>
<ul><li>CE411.1. <a href="CE/CE411_1.html">Physicists found that the speed of light was once faster.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CE412. <a href="CE/CE412.html">Gravitational time dilation made distant clocks run faster.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CF210: Radiometric dating assumes constant rates.)
</li></ul></li><li>CE420. <a href="CE/CE420.html">The big bang theory is wrong.</a>
</li><li>CE421. <a href="CE/CE421.html">The cosmos has an axis, contrary to big bang models.</a>
</li><li>CE425. <a href="CE/CE425.html">Red shift comes from light aging, not expansion of the universe.</a>
</li><li>CE440. <a href="CE/CE440.html">Where did space, time, energy, and laws of physics come from?</a>
</li><li>CE441. <a href="CE/CE441.html">Explosions such as the big bang do not produce order or information.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CF">CF</a>: Physics and Mathematics
</h2><ul><li> (see also CE400: Cosmology)
</li><li><a name="CF000">CF000</a>: Second Law of Thermodynamics and Information Theory
<ul><li>  (see also CB102: Mutations don't add information.)
</li><li>  (see also CE441: Big Bang doesn't produce information.)
</li><li>CF001. <a href="CF/CF001.html">The second law of thermodynamics prohibits evolution.</a>
<ul><li>CF001.1. <a href="CF/CF001_1.html">Systems left to themselves invariably tend toward disorder.</a>
</li><li>CF001.2. <a href="CF/CF001_2.html">The second law of thermodynamics, and the trend to disorder, is universal.</a>
</li><li>CF001.3. <a href="CF/CF001_3.html">Instructions are necessary to produce order.</a>
</li><li>CF001.4. <a href="CF/CF001_4.html">The second law is about organized complexity, not entropy.</a>
</li><li>CF001.5. <a href="CF/CF001_5.html">Evolution needs an energy conversion mechanism to utilize energy.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CF002. <a href="CF/CF002.html">Complexity does not come from simplicity.</a>
<ul><li>CF002.1. <a href="CF/CF002_1.html">Tornadoes in junkyards do not build things.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CF003. <a href="CF/CF003.html">How could information, such as in DNA, assemble itself?</a>
</li><li>CF005. <a href="CF/CF005.html">2nd law of thermodynamics applies to information theory.</a>
</li><li>CF010. <a href="CF/CF010.html">Cybernetic simulations show that Darwinian processes do not produce order.</a>
</li><li>CF011. <a href="CF/CF011.html">Evolutionary algorithms smuggle in design in the fitness function.</a>
<ul><li>CF011.1. <a href="CF/CF011_1.html">The outcome of Dawkins's WEASEL program was prespecified.</a>
</li><li>CF011.2. <a href="CF/CF011_2.html">NFL theorems prove that evolutionary algorithms do not beat blind search.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CF100">CF100</a>: First Law of Thermodynamics
<ul><li>CF101. <a href="CF/CF101.html">The universe's energy cannot come from nothing.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CE440: Origin of everything; CI200: First cause)
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CF200">CF200</a>: Radiometric Decay
<ul><li>  (see also CD000: Radiometric dating)
</li><li>CF201. <a href="CF/CF201.html">Polonium haloes indicate a young earth.</a>
</li><li>CF210. <a href="CF/CF210.html">Radiometric dating falsely assumes that rates are constant.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CE410: Physical constants only assumed constant.)
</li></ul></li><li>CF220. <a href="CF/CF220.html">Short-lived isotopes Th-230 and U-236 exist on the moon.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CG">CG</a>: Miscellaneous Anti-Evolution
</h2><ul><li><a name="CG000">CG000</a>: History
<ul><li>CG001. <a href="CG/CG001.html">Darwin recanted on his deathbed.</a>
</li><li>CG010. <a href="CG/CG010.html">The oldest living thing is younger than 4,900 years.</a>
</li><li>CG020. <a href="CG/CG020.html">All all languages and religions could develop in 3,000 years.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CB620: Population growth.)
</li></ul></li><li>CG030. <a href="CG/CG030.html">Oldest structures, such as pyramids, are already very complex.</a>
</li><li>CG040. <a href="CG/CG040.html">Written history is too short.</a>
</li><li>CG041. <a href="CG/CG041.html">Agriculture is too recent.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CG100">CG100</a>: Linguistics
<ul><li>CG101. <a href="CG/CG101.html">Chinese glyph for "ark" is literally "8 mouths."</a>
</li><li>CG110. <a href="CG/CG110.html">The first known languages are highly complex.</a>
</li><li>CG111. <a href="CG/CG111.html">Why are languages getting less complex?</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CG200">CG200</a>: Folklore
<ul><li>CG201. <a href="CG/CG201.html">There are flood myths from all over the world.</a>
</li><li>CG202.1. <a href="CG/CG202_1.html">The Miao flood myth is very like the story of Noah.</a>
</li><li>CG202.2. <a href="CG/CG202_2.html">The Chinese Hihking flood myth is very like the story of Noah.</a>
</li><li>CG211. <a href="CG/CG211.html">Tablet from Nippur (Iraq) authenticates priority of biblical flood description.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CH">CH</a>: Biblical Creationism
</h2><ul><li><a name="CH000">CH000</a>: Biblical Creationism Generally
<ul><li>CH001. <a href="CH/CH001.html">Creationism has explanatory power.</a>
</li><li>CH010. <a href="CH/CH010.html">Creationism, being Bible-based, is good.</a>
<ul><li>CH010.1. <a href="CH/CH010_1.html">Learning creationism stimulates mental health, joy, and morals.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH030. <a href="CH/CH030.html">God is all-good.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CA650: Death before humanity implies unmerciful God.)
</li></ul></li><li>CH050. <a href="CH/CH050.html">Genesis is foundational to the Bible.</a>
</li><li>CH055. <a href="CH/CH055.html">Noncreationist Christians are compromisers.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH100">CH100</a>: Biblical Accuracy
<ul><li>CH100. <a href="CH/CH100.html">The Bible says it; I believe it; that settles it.</a>
<ul><li>CH100.1. <a href="CH/CH100_1.html">Science must be interpreted in light of scripture.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH101. <a href="CH/CH101.html">The Bible is inerrant.</a>
<ul><li>CH101.1. <a href="CH/CH101_1.html">If part of the Bible is wrong, none of it can be trusted.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH102. <a href="CH/CH102.html">The Bible is literal.</a>
<ul><li>CH102.1. <a href="CH/CH102_1.html">Genesis must be literal; it is straightforward narrative.</a>
</li><li>CH102.2. <a href="CH/CH102_2.html">Genesis must be literal; later writers refer to it as fact.</a>
<ul><li>CH102.2.1. <a href="CH/CH102_2_1.html">Jesus refers to creation and flood as though they were literal.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH102.5. <a href="CH/CH102_5.html">God's promise of no more floods fails if Noah's flood was local.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH103. <a href="CH/CH103.html">Bible claims inspiration.</a>
</li><li>CH110. <a href="CH/CH110.html">Prophecies prove the accuracy of the Bible.</a>
</li><li>CH120. <a href="CH/CH120.html">The Bible must be accurate because archaeology supports it.</a>
</li><li>CH130. <a href="CH/CH130.html">The Bible's accuracy on other scientific points shows overall accuracy.</a>
<ul><li>CH131. <a href="CH/CH131.html">The Bible says that the earth is round.</a>
</li><li>CH132. <a href="CH/CH132.html">The Bible says that the earth is unsupported.</a>
</li><li>CH133. <a href="CH/CH133.html">The Bible got the water cycle right.</a>
</li><li>CH134. <a href="CH/CH134.html">Records say civilization was man's original state.</a>
</li><li>CH135. <a href="CH/CH135.html">The Bible specifies good medical and hygienic practices.</a>
<ul><li>CH135.1. <a href="CH/CH135_1.html">The Bible specifies the best time for circumcision.</a>
</li><li>CH135.2. <a href="CH/CH135_2.html">Moses reveals that blood is the essence of life.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>   (see also CB621: Humanity traced to an African Eve.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH180">CH180</a>: The Bible is unique in other ways.
<ul><li>CH181. <a href="CH/CH181.html">The Bible is popular.</a>
</li><li>CH182. <a href="CH/CH182.html">The Bible is influential.</a>
</li><li>CH183. <a href="CH/CH183.html">The Bible is target of persecution.</a>
</li><li>CH184. <a href="CH/CH184.html">The Bible is intellectually honest.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH190. <a href="CH/CH190.html">The Bible is harmonious throughout.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH200-CH799">CH200-CH799</a>: Young Earth Creationism
<ul><li><a name="CH200">CH200</a>: Age of the Universe
<ul><li>CH200. <a href="CH/CH200.html">The universe is 6,000-10,000 years old.</a>
</li><li>CH210. <a href="CH/CH210.html">The earth is 6,000-10,000 years old.</a>
</li><li>CH220. <a href="CH/CH220.html">The universe was created with apparent age.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH300">CH300</a>: Death and the Fall
<ul><li>CH301. <a href="CH/CH301.html">There was no death or decay before the Fall.</a>
</li><li>CH310. <a href="CH/CH310.html">The pre-Flood vapor canopy would have made the world Edenic.</a>
</li><li>CH311. <a href="CH/CH311.html">The pre-Flood vapor canopy would have extended human lifetimes.</a>
</li><li>CH320. <a href="CH/CH320.html">Life is deteriorating.</a>
<ul><li>CH321. <a href="CH/CH321.html">Parasites are degenerations of free-living species.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CH350">CH350</a>: Created Kinds
<ul><li>CH350. <a href="CH/CH350.html">Organisms come in discrete kinds.</a>
</li><li>CH370. <a href="CH/CH370.html">The stars and galaxies are unchanging.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH400-CH599">CH400-CH599</a>: Flood
<ul><li><a name="CH400">CH400</a>: Source of Flood
<ul><li>CH401. <a href="CH/CH401.html">Flood from vapor canopy.</a>
</li><li>CH410. <a href="CH/CH410.html">Flood from comet.</a>
</li><li>CH420. <a href="CH/CH420.html">Hydroplate theory.</a>
</li><li>CH430. <a href="CH/CH430.html">Runaway subduction.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH500">CH500</a>: The Ark
<ul><li>CH500. <a href="CH/CH500.html">Noah's ark has been found.</a>
<ul><li>CH501. <a href="CH/CH501.html">We can expect to find Noah's ark on Mount Ararat.</a>
</li><li>CH502.1. <a href="CH/CH502_1.html">Noah's ark may have been photographed on Ararat in 1949.</a>
</li><li>CH502.2. <a href="CH/CH502_2.html">ERTS satellite photographed Noah's ark in 1973.</a>
</li><li>CH503. <a href="CH/CH503.html">Noah's ark has been found near Dogubayazit, Turkey.</a>
<ul><li>CH503.1. <a href="CH/CH503_1.html">Anchor stones of Noah's ark have been found.</a>
</li><li>CH503.2. <a href="CH/CH503_2.html">The Turkish government officially recognized the site of Noah's ark.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH504.1. <a href="CH/CH504_1.html">James Bryce found a 4-foot timber high on Ararat.</a>
</li><li>CH504.2. <a href="CH/CH504_2.html">Navarra retrieved hand-hewn wood from high on Ararat.</a>
</li><li>CH504.3. <a href="CH/CH504_3.html">Hardwicke Knight found soft wood timbers on Ararat.</a>
</li><li>CH505.1. <a href="CH/CH505_1.html">Yearam guided three vile scientists to Noah's ark in 1916.</a>
</li><li>CH505.2. <a href="CH/CH505_2.html">An 1883 Turkish expedition found Noah's ark.</a>
</li><li>CH505.3. <a href="CH/CH505_3.html">Prince Nouri of Baghdad found the ark in 1887.</a>
</li><li>CH505.4. <a href="CH/CH505_4.html">Hagopian visited the ark with his uncle around 1908.</a>
</li><li>CH505.5. <a href="CH/CH505_5.html">Russian aviator Roskovitsky photographed the ark.</a>
</li><li>CH505.6. <a href="CH/CH505_6.html">Resit, a Kurdish farmer, found the ark in 1948.</a>
</li><li>CH505.7. <a href="CH/CH505_7.html">Local Kurds led Ed Davis to the ark in 1943.</a>
</li><li>CH505.8. <a href="CH/CH505_8.html">Ed Behling was led to the ark in 1973.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH508. <a href="CH/CH508.html">Chinese treasure ships show Noah's ark was feasible.</a>
</li><li><a name="CH510-CH529">CH510-CH529</a>: Animals on the Ark
<ul><li>CH511. <a href="CH/CH511.html">Insects survived on floating vegetation mats.</a>
</li><li>CH512. <a href="CH/CH512.html">All kinds could fit.</a>
<ul><li>CH512.1. <a href="CH/CH512_1.html">Juveniles of large animals were taken aboard.</a>
</li><li>CH512.2. <a href="CH/CH512_2.html">The average land animal is the size of a sheep.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH513. <a href="CH/CH513.html">Animals hibernated on the ark.</a>
</li><li>CH514. <a href="CH/CH514.html">The crew could feed and care for the animals.</a>
<ul><li>CH514.1. <a href="CH/CH514_1.html">Many animals do not require fresh or live food.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH520. <a href="CH/CH520.html">Pre-Flood animals lived in a uniform climate.</a>
</li><li>CH521. <a href="CH/CH521.html">Animals' exacting needs could have evolved after the Flood.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH540-CH599">CH540-CH599</a>: Effects of the Flood
<ul><li>CH541. <a href="CH/CH541.html">Aquatic organisms could have survived the Flood.</a>
</li><li>CH542. <a href="CH/CH542.html">Plants could have survived the Flood.</a>
</li><li>CH550. <a href="CH/CH550.html">The geologic column was deposited by the Flood.</a>
<ul><li>      (see also CC364: Seashells on mountains.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH560">CH560</a>: Fossils were deposited by the Flood.
<ul><li><a name="CH561">CH561</a>: Fossil order was determined by the Flood.
<ul><li>CH561.1. <a href="CH/CH561_1.html">Fossils are sorted by ecological zonation.</a>
</li><li>CH561.2. <a href="CH/CH561_2.html">Fossils are sorted hydrologically.</a>
</li><li>CH561.3. <a href="CH/CH561_3.html">Fossils are sorted by the ability to escape.</a>
</li><li>CH561.4. <a href="CH/CH561_4.html">Fossils are sorted by a combination of these factors.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>      (see also CC361: Fossils form quickly.)
</li></ul></li><li>CH570. <a href="CH/CH570.html">High mountains were raised during the Flood.</a>
</li><li>CH580. <a href="CH/CH580.html">The Flood shaped the earth's surface in other ways.</a>
</li><li>CH581. <a href="CH/CH581.html">The Grand Canyon was carved by retreating Flood waters.</a>
<ul><li>CH581.1. <a href="CH/CH581_1.html">Rapid erosion on Mount St. Helens shows Grand Canyon could form suddenly.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH590. <a href="CH/CH590.html">The Flood caused an ice age.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CH700">CH700</a>: Miscellaneous Young Earth Creationism
<ul><li>CH710. <a href="CH/CH710.html">Man and dinosaurs coexisted.</a>
<ul><li>    (see also CC100: Human fossils out of place)
</li><li>    (see also CB930.3: Dinosaurs may be in the Congo.)
</li><li>CH710.1. <a href="CH/CH710_1.html">Ica stones show that humans and dinosaurs coexisted.</a>
</li><li>CH710.2. <a href="CH/CH710_2.html">Dinosaur figurines from Acambaro show a human-dinosaur association.</a>
</li><li>CH711. <a href="CH/CH711.html">Behemoth, from the book of Job, was a dinosaur.</a>
<ul><li>CH711.1. <a href="CH/CH711_1.html">Leviathan, from the book of Job, was a dinosaur.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CH712. <a href="CH/CH712.html">Dragons were dinosaurs.</a>
<ul><li>CH712.1. <a href="CH/CH712_1.html">Some dinosaurs breathed fire.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CH800">CH800</a>: Day-Age Creationism
<ul><li>CH801. <a href="CH/CH801.html">Genesis 1 got the order of events right.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CH900">CH900</a>: Geocentrism
<ul><li>CH901. <a href="CH/CH901.html">Bible says the sun goes around the earth.</a>
</li><li>CH910. <a href="CH/CH910.html">Relativity shows geocentrism is true.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CI">CI</a>: Intelligent Design
</h2><ul><li> (see also CH000: Creationism Generally)
</li><li> (see also CF000: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and Information Theory)
</li><li><a name="CI000">CI000</a>: ID as Science
<ul><li>CI001. <a href="CI/CI001.html">Intelligent design theory is scientific.</a>
<ul><li>CI001.1. <a href="CI/CI001_1.html">Intelligent design theory is not religious.</a>
</li><li>CI001.2. <a href="CI/CI001_2.html">Intelligent design is not creationism.</a>
</li><li>CI001.3. <a href="CI/CI001_3.html">Intelligent design is mainstream.</a>
</li><li>CI001.4. <a href="CI/CI001_4.html">Intelligent design has been published in peer-reviewed journals.</a>
</li><li>   (see also CA041.1: Santorum Amendment.)
</li></ul></li><li>CI002. <a href="CI/CI002.html">Intelligent design has explanatory power.</a>
</li><li>CI009. <a href="CI/CI009.html">Evidence for design disproves evolutionary mechanisms.</a>
</li><li>CI010. <a href="CI/CI010.html">There is a law of conservation of information.</a>
</li><li>  (see also CF011: Design from ev. algorithms comes from fitness function.)
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CI100-CI199">CI100-CI199</a>: Detecting Design
<ul><li>  (see also CA100: Argument from incredulity.)
</li><li>CI100. <a href="CI/CI100.html">Design is detectable.</a>
<ul><li>CI100.1. <a href="CI/CI100_1.html">Look; is design not obvious?</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CI101. <a href="CI/CI101.html">Complexity indicates design.</a>
</li><li>CI102. <a href="CI/CI102.html">Irreducible complexity indicates design.</a>
</li><li>CI110. <a href="CI/CI110.html">Complex specified information indicates design.</a>
</li><li>CI111. <a href="CI/CI111.html">Dembski's filter can detect design.</a>
<ul><li>CI111.1. <a href="CI/CI111_1.html">Specified information criterion produces no false positives.</a>
</li><li>CI111.2. <a href="CI/CI111_2.html">Specified complexity characterizes what intelligent agents do.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CI113. <a href="CI/CI113.html">Genetic algorithms require a designer to specify desired outcome.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CF011: Design from ev. algorithms comes from fitness function.)
</li></ul></li><li>CI120. <a href="CI/CI120.html">Purpose indicates design.</a>
</li><li>CI130. <a href="CI/CI130.html">Functional integration indicates design.</a>
<ul><li>CI131. <a href="CI/CI131.html">Every machine's origin, where determinable, is by intelligent agency.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CI141. <a href="CI/CI141.html">Similarities in DNA and anatomy are due to common design.</a>
<ul><li>CI141.1. <a href="CI/CI141_1.html">Similar structures for similar functions, different for different.</a>
</li></ul></li><li>CI190. <a href="CI/CI190.html">SETI researchers expect that they can detect design.</a>
</li><li>CI191. <a href="CI/CI191.html">Archaeologists and forensic scientists can detect design.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CI200">CI200</a>: First Cause.
<ul><li>CI200. <a href="CI/CI200.html">There must have been a first cause.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CI300">CI300</a>: Anthropic Principle.
<ul><li>CI301. <a href="CI/CI301.html">The cosmos is fine-tuned to permit human life.</a>
</li><li>CI302. <a href="CI/CI302.html">The cosmos is fine-tuned to permit scientific discovery.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CI400">CI400</a>: Meta-arguments
<ul><li>CI401. <a href="CI/CI401.html">The methodology of science rules out even considering design.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CA301.1: Science rules out supernatural explanations.)
</li></ul></li><li>CI402. <a href="CI/CI402.html">Evolutionists have blinded themselves to seeing design.</a>
<ul><li>   (see also CA230.1: Evolutionists interpret per their preconceptions.)
</li></ul></li><li>CI410. <a href="CI/CI410.html">Design requires a designer.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul><h2><a name="CJ">CJ</a>: Other Creationism
</h2><ul><li><a name="CJ000">CJ000</a>: Vedic Creationism
<ul><li>CJ001. <a href="CJ/CJ001.html">Mankind has existed essentially unchanged for billions of years.</a>
</li></ul></li><li><a name="CJ200-CJ499">CJ200-CJ499</a>: Native North American Creationism
<ul><li><a name="CJ300">CJ300</a>: Creationism from individual tribes
<ul><li>CJ311. <a href="CJ/CJ311.html">The 9,400-year-old Kennewick Man was an Umatilla ancestor.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li><li><a name="CJ500-CJ699">CJ500-CJ699</a>: Islamic Creationism
<ul><li><a name="CJ500">CJ500</a>: Qur'an Accuracy
<ul><li>CJ530. <a href="CJ/CJ530.html">The Qur'an's accuracy on scientific points shows overall accuracy.</a>
<ul><li>CJ531. <a href="CJ/CJ531.html">The Qur'an speaks of an expanding universe.</a>
</li><li>CJ533. <a href="CJ/CJ533.html">The Qur'an describes human embryology accurately.</a>
</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul><a href="authors.html">Authors</a>
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